Steering and suspension maintenance
See Figure 28

Checking and adding power steering fluid
See Figure 29

Many power steering fluid dipsticks or fluid reservoirs utilize two ranges for checking the fluid level: "FULL HOT" and "FULL COLD" or some other hot and cold level markings.

If the system isn't leaking, you shouldn't need to add fluid very often at all. Nonetheless, it's a good idea to periodically check the fluid. Most manufacturers recommend checking the fluid with the engine at operating temperature (hot) and the wheels pointed straight ahead.

To check the fluid, turn the engine off, then check to see that the fluid level is at the "full hot" mark. Use power steering fluid to top up the reservoir. If the reservoir fluid level is being checked before starting the engine, first thing in the morning for example, the level is checked to the "full cold" mark. Regardless of what temperature the engine is at, if the fluid level is down to the "add" mark, power steering fluid must be added to the system. While you're adding fluid, check the power steering hoses for wear or chafing. Ordinarily, there should be no problem, but it's always a good idea to check.

Steering system service

Power steering belt replacement

For more information on checking, adjusting and replacing V-belts and serpentine belts please refer to the belt section in the section on "The Cooling System."

Shock absorber testing

The purpose of the shock absorber is simply to limit the motion of the spring during compression and rebound cycles. If the vehicle is not equipped with these motion dampers, the up and down motion would multiply until the vehicle was alternately trying to leap off the ground and pound itself into the pavement.

Contrary to popular myth, shock absorbers do not affect the ride height of the vehicle, unless they are pneumatic or air adjustable shocks. However, ride height is mostly controlled by other suspension components such as springs and tires. Worn shock absorbers can affect handling; if the front of the vehicle is rising or falling excessively, the "footprint" of the tires changes on the pavement and steering is affected.

The simplest test of the shock absorber is to simply push down on one corner of the unladen vehicle and release it. Observe the motion of the body as it is released. In most cases, it will come up beyond its original resting position, dip back below it, and settle quickly to rest. This shows that the damper is controlling the spring action. Any tendency toward excessive pitch (up-and-down) motion or failure to return to rest within 1-2 cycles is a sign of poor function within the shock absorber. Oil-filled shocks may have a light film of oil around the seal, resulting from normal breathing and air exchange. This should NOT be taken as a sign of failure, but any sign of thick or running oil definitely indicates failure. Gas filled shocks may also show some film at the shaft, if the gas has leaked out, and the shock will have almost no resistance to motion.

While each shock absorber can be physically replaced individually, it is recommended that they be changed as a pair (both front or both rear) to maintain equal response on both sides of the vehicle. Failure to replace shock absorbers in pairs could result in dangerous vehicle handling situations. Chances are quite good that if one has failed, its mate is also weak.

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